circuitnet
Sponsor
Glenbrook Technologies
Refurbished and Demo X-ray Inspection Systems
2026 Demo JewelBox-70T X-ray System and 2026 Demo JewelBox-100T X-ray System Refurbished & Demo Systems on sale with warranty. Learn more.
Glenbrook Technologies
Ask the Experts
Confused About IPC-A-610 Class 2 vs. Class 3
My company is confused about IPC-A-610 Class 2 and Class 3. Some believe that Class 3 is for aerospace and Class 2 is not. The Class or standard used in Aircraft ...
Responses by:
Richard D. Stadem
Advanced Engineer/Scientist, General Dynamics
Georgian Simion
Engineering and Operations Management, Independent Consultant
Kris Roberson
Manager of Assembly Technology, IPC
Rodney Miller
Capital Equipment Operations Manager, Specialty Coating Systems
Fritz Byle
Process Engineer, Astronautics
Leo Lambert
Vice President, Technical Director, EPTAC Corporation
■ Burned Chip Repair
■ Idle Wave Solder Temperature
■ IPC 610 Class 3 with Missing Non-functional BGA Pads
■ BGA Component Cleaning Spec
■ Aluminum Trays and Rapid Static Discharge
MORE ASK THE EXPERTS
Test & Inspection
Sponsor
Summit Interconnect
Your Domestic PCB Solution
Summit helps you avoid long lead times and added costs—protecting your supply chain without compromise, while delivering the speed and quality you count on.
Summit Interconnect
Industry Calendar
■ Apr 5, 2027: APEX EXPO 2027
■ Apr 13, 2027: Symposium on Counterfeit Parts and Materials - UK
■ Aug 12, 2027: High Reliability Cleaning and Conformal Coating Conference
FULL INDUSTRY CALENDAR
Selective Soldering & Desoldering Solutions
Sponsor
SCHUNK
Automation in Transition
The world of automation is changing. What does this mean for customers? And what impact is the transformation having on providers? Find out more from a panel of experts.
SCHUNK
What Year Was It?
The day was Oct 28. What year was it?
Gateway Arch Completed
What Year
Construction is completed on the Gateway Arch, a spectacular 630-foot-high parabola of stainless steel on the waterfront of St. Louis, Missouri.
See the answer below.
Sponsor
Essegi Automation
From Slave to Master: flexible ISM integrations
ESSEGI AUTOMATION's ISM software integrates with 250+ brands, connecting ERP, MES, WMS, Pick & Place and X-Ray systems. Flexible logic allows it to operate as master or slave in any production flow.
Essegi Automation
A Decade of North America's Total PCB Partner
What Year Was It Answer
Gateway Arch Completed
Answer: October 28, 1965
Oct 28, 2026
image
Quantum Computing's Energy Bill Is Coming, and We Haven't Priced It In
As AI drives rising energy demands, quantum computing must prioritize compute-per-watt and compute-per-dollar over raw qubit counts. Researchers argue that scaling up quantum processors before networking them can deliver greater computational power and efficiency.
EE Times
Sponsor
Viscom SE
iX7059 SMT Edition: Next-Gen 3D X-ray
Experience high-precision inline 3D X-ray inspection by Viscom with AI-powered defect detection, exceptional image quality, and reliable performance for complex SMT assemblies.
Viscom SE
Apple's new iPhone Duo receives early complaints
Apple faces growing complaints about its new iPhone Duo, as customers report cracked foldable displays within days of purchase. The company acknowledged the defect, affecting some units, and advised customers to contact AppleCare for replacements.
Taipei Times
Scaling SMT Traceability
High-mix electronics manufacturing requires precise material control. This whitepaper explains how Tecnimaster improved traceability, inventory accuracy and picking efficiency through integrated automated storage and reel-level tracking.
Technical Paper
Anthropic points to AI dangers, soaring sales in IPO filing
Anthropic plans a potential $100 billion IPO valuing it at up to $2 trillion, highlighting soaring revenue and growing enterprise demand. However, massive computing commitments, political tensions, AI safety risks and governance concerns could challenge investor confidence.
Taipei Times
Sponsor
Viscom
Discover the power of vAI ProVision from Viscom
Create and optimize 3D AOI and AXI programs in minutes. vAI ProVision boosts inspection depth, quality, and speed. Viscom develops & produces premium inspection systems.
Viscom
AI cycle to last over 20 years: ex-Intel CEO
Former Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger predicts a two-decade AI investment supercycle, dismissing bubble fears. Playground Global is bringing six startups to Taiwan to develop AI infrastructure, targeting memory, power management, optical technologies & advanced packaging innovations.
Taipei Times
SMT Components Popping Off During Reflow
One particular SMT component is popping off during the reflow process leaving indentations in the solder. Could the fans in our convection reflow oven be blowing the part of the PCB? The Assembly Brothers, Phil Zarrow and Jim Hall, answer these questions.
Board Talk
Technical Papers

■ 5 Major Challenges in Image Sensor Packaging and How to Solve Them
■ The Analysis of Variance: Drawing Conclusions from Data That Are Correct, Unambiguous, and Defensible
■ Oxide Reduction for Reliable Electronics Manufacturing
■ UHDI Fabrication for IC Substrates: SAP and mSAP Processes
■ Flux-Free, Reliable, Efficient: Soldering with Formic Acid
■ Redesigning Material Logistics for High-Mix EMS Production
■ Unlocking Academic-Industry Synergy: A Collaborative Model for Hands-On Electronics Manufacturing Education
■ Viscosity Does Not Equal Rheology: What Solder Paste Measurements Really Tell You
MORE TECHNICAL PAPERS
Sponsor
Master Bond
Thermally Conductive, Low Outgassing Epoxy
Master Bond EP21AOLV-2LO is an electrically insulating adhesive that meets NASA low outgassing requirements for sealing, coating and encapsulation applications. Ask an expert.
Master Bond
US bans vehicles from China's BYD at base in Japan
The US military has banned all BYD vehicles from Japan's Kadena airbase, citing unmitigable security risks. The move reflects growing Western concerns that Chinese vehicle technologies could expose sensitive military information through cameras, sensors and GPS systems.
Taipei Times
iPhone Duo Vs. Galaxy Z Fold 8: Which Passport-Style Foldable Is Best?
Apple's iPhone Duo and Samsung's Galaxy Z Fold 8 offer similar 7.6-inch foldable displays at premium prices. Samsung delivers a lighter design and stronger multitasking, while Apple provides better dust resistance, a less visible crease, and future Apple Pencil support.
BGR
Direct Metallization for Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing
Since Multi-Layer Printed Circuit Boards with holes appeared, the processes making holes conductive have played critical roles to achieve MLB’s function.
Technical Paper
Sponsor
KYZEN
The "Fried Egg" Effect in Soldering
Burnt-on flux residue that is visible on the solder mask of PCBs after improper reflow settings produces significant challenges to the reliability of finished boards.
KYZEN
Why the government wants self-driving cars to glow cyan
NHTSA has proposed standardized cyan lights for self-driving vehicles to help motorists and law enforcement identify autonomous driving mode. The proposal establishes performance standards and invites public comments, building on earlier turquoise-light tests by Mercedes-Benz.
Fast Company
IDC FutureScape 2027 Predicts 60% of Enterprises Will Run a Majority of Their Business Processes AI-first by 2029, up from 13% in 2026
IDC predicts 60% of Global 2000 enterprises will run most processes AI-first by 2029. Its FutureScape 2027 forecasts rapid agent adoption, rising governance risks and new workforce roles, urging businesses to verify AI decisions as deployment accelerates.
IDC
PERM DoD Consortium Phase 3 Pb-free Solder Thermal Cycle Reliability
This paper documents the Collins Aerospace thermal cycle testing effort for the IPC PERM DoD consortium program.
Technical Paper
Sponsor
Uyemura
Dedicated Tool for Process Development
Advanced plating capability at Uyemura Tech Center: Process Development, UBM, pilot production. ENIG, ENEPIG, EPIG/EPAG, RAIG immersion gold; all substrates. On-site analysis.
Uyemura
AI safety expert stops saving for retirement, he believes AI could wipe out humanity within a decade
AI safety leader Nate Soares has stopped contributing to retirement savings, fearing superintelligent AI could cause human extinction within a decade. Drawing on years of alignment research, he warns that AI may eliminate humanity without malicious intent.
TechSpot
CopperPilot Raises Pre-seed to Develop AI Agent for PCB Design
Hardware design startup CopperPilot raised $390,000 in pre-seed funding to advance its Epsilon AI agent, which automates PCB design workflows. The company reports 25-fold weekly user growth and aims to improve design accuracy, reliability, and manufacturing readiness.
EE Times
Sponsor
Plasma Etch
3 Ways to Increase Plasma Uniformity
Process temperature is the most important parameter in the plasma process. Process temperature has primary control over etch rate and has a secondary effect on etch uniformity. Read more.
Plasma Etch
Apple Could Lose Its $5 Trillion Valuation as iPhone Duo Screens Crack
Apple confirmed display defects affecting a small number of its $1,999 iPhone Duo foldable phones, just days after launch. Bloomberg verified customer complaints, while Apple offered replacements but provided no cause, repair timeline, or affected-unit count.
Yahoo! Finance
Material Selection for Reliable TMV Pop Assembly
This paper investigates selected aspects of the above mentioned processes to better understand the critical factors associated with successful TMV PoP assembly.
Technical Paper
Nvidia, AMD to invest $4 billion in Meta as tech giants deepen AI partnership
Nvidia and AMD will invest $4 billion in Meta as it raises $95 billion to expand AI infrastructure. The partnerships will strengthen chip deployments, AI agents and computing systems, supporting Meta's ambitions to develop advanced AI models and services.
CNBC
China's industrial profits rise 15.5% in first three quarters
China's major industrial firms increased profits 15.5% to 6.03 trillion yuan in the first nine months of 2026. Electronics earnings doubled, driven by AI computing demand and advanced memory products, while high-tech manufacturing profits surged 52%.
China Daily
Sponsor
SEHO Systems GmbH
Simply Double the Production Volume
SEHO SelectLine features the award-winning Synchro and SmartSplit production modes that allow to halve cycle times in batch production and mixed operation. Find out more.
SEHO Systems GmbH
High-Stakes Negotiation Is a Psychological Game. 5 Ways to Stay Grounded When the Pressure Is On
Successful negotiations require more than favorable terms; they demand emotional awareness, empathy and mutual respect. Experienced business leaders emphasize putting people first, managing stress and preserving relationships rather than prioritizing outcomes at any cost.
Entrepreneur
Today's Sponsor
Sponsor
Sponsor
AI Technology, Inc.
Copper Stud & CTE Nano Tech Underfill
AIT's proven flip-chip and BGA multi-level underfills offer both 18 ppm/°C copper CTE matching fine-pitch & nano-pitch with 10 µm & 0.3 µm respective cut-off particles.
AI Technology, Inc.
Test Your Knowledge
For whom was the Mercedes automobile named?
See answer below.
Industry Press
GÖPEL electronic and Microchip Technology Collaborate to Expand the ASA-ML Ecosystem
GÖPEL electronic and Microchip Technology are deepening their collaboration in the field of ASA Motion Link (ASA-ML). GÖPEL electronic is expanding its modular frame ...
GOEPEL Electronic
Epec Acquires Standard Printed Circuits, Expanding U.S. PCB Manufacturing Capabilities
Standard Printed Circuits and Epec Engineered Technologies announce that Epec has completed the acquisition of Standard Printed Circuits, further expanding Epec's ...
Epec Engineered Technologies
ATC Diversified Electronics Names Amy Frere National Sales Manager
ATC Diversified Electronics has named Amy Frere national sales manager. In her new role, Frere will focus on expanding ATC’s market presence, strengthening distributor ...
ATC Diversified Electronics,
Seika Machinery to Spotlight Sayaka PCB Routers and Sawa Ultrasonic Cleaners at SMTA LA/OC Expo
Seika Machinery, Inc. is pleased to announce its participation in the SMTA LA/OC Expo & Tech Forum 2026, taking place Tuesday, November 17, 2026, at the Highway ...
Seika Machinery, Inc.
ViTrox Brings AI-Powered Manufacturing Intelligence to BMAX & EMAX Indonesia 2026
ViTrox is pleased to announce its participation in Batam Smart Manufacturing & Automation Expo (BMAX) 2026, co-located with EMAX Indonesia 2026. The exhibition ...
ViTrox Technologies Sdn Bhd
Littelfuse/C&K Introduces SDE Series Low-Profile, End-Stackable Surface-Mount DIP Switches
Littelfuse, Inc. announced the launch of the Littelfuse/C&K® SDE Series, a low-profile, end-stackable surface-mount DIP switch family engineered to give design engineers ...
Littelfuse, Inc.
Jiushuo Details Custom Carrier Tape Design Support for SMT Packaging
Dongguan Jiushuo Industrial Co., Ltd. is highlighting its approach to custom embossed carrier tape projects for electronics manufacturers and SMT assembly ...
Dongguan Jiushuo Industrial Co., Ltd.
MORE INDUSTRY PRESS
Advanced Plating Tool
Sponsor
Smart Sonic
440-R + Ultrasonics = Safe & Efficient Cleaning
Clean any type of solder paste in the same machine using 440-R-SMT Detergent. It is the one detergent that will do it all: stencils, pallets, misprints & SMD adhesives.
Smart Sonic
Quote of the Day
"Science is what you know. Philosophy is what you don't know."
Bertrand Russell
Sponsor
AI Technology, Inc.
AEC Grade-0 and MSL Level-1 Conductive Paste & Film Adhesives
240° Tg and ultra-high thermal stability for AEC Grade-0 applications. Proven rapid and snap curing die-attach paste for ultimate productivity.
AI Technology, Inc.
Affordable Profiling
Cartoon of the Day
Cartoon
"I've hit the glass ceiling so many times, my hair smells like Windex."
Copyright © Randy Glasbergen
Sponsor
Plasmatreat GmbH
Openair-Plasma for Semiconductor Manufacturing
Openair-Plasma for semicon-ductor production is an alternative to vacuum plasma. Typical apps are wire bonding, die bonding & pre-molding. Download here.
Plasmatreat GmbH
Essential Practices for Gold Mitigation of Electronic Components
Test Your Knowledge Answer
For whom was the Mercedes automobile named?
Answer: Mercedes Daimler, the daughter of German automaker Gottlieb Daimler.